Majenareta

Majenareta midziyo inoshandura mamwe marudzi esimba kuita simba remagetsi. Muna 1832, muFrench ainzi Bixi akagadzira jenareta.

Jenareta inoumbwa ne rotor uye stator. Iyo rotor iri mukati mepakati mhango ye stator. Inoshandisa magineti mapango pane rotor kuti igadzire magnetic field. Sezvo iyo prime mover inotyaira rotor kutenderera, mechanical simba rinotamiswa. Rotor's magnetic poles inotenderera nekumhanya kukuru pamwe chete ne rotor, zvichiita kuti magnetic field ienderane ne stator winding. Kudyidzana uku kunokonzeresa kuti magineti adimbure maconductors e stator winding, achigadzira induced electromotive force, zvobva zvashandura simba remagetsi kuita simba remagetsi. Majenareta akakamurwa kuita DC jenareta uye AC jenareta, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekurima, kudzivirira kwenyika, sainzi uye tekinoroji, uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

Mamiriro ezvinhu

Jenereta kazhinji inosanganisira stator, rotor, end caps uye mabheya.

Iyo stator ine stator core, waya windings, furemu, uye zvimwe zvimiro zvikamu zvinogadzirisa zvikamu izvi.

Iyo rotor ine rotor core (kana magineti danda, magineti choke) inomonereka, mhete yevarindi, mhete yepakati, inotsvedza mhete, fan uye rotor shaft nezvimwe zvinhu.

Iyo stator uye rotor yejenereta yakabatanidzwa uye inounganidzwa nemabhengi uye magumo ekupedzisira, kuitira kuti rotor inogona kutenderera mu stator uye iite kufamba kwekucheka mitsara yemagineti yesimba, nokudaro inogadzira iyo inokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi, iyo inotungamirirwa kunze kuburikidza nemagetsi uye yakabatanidzwa kune dunhu, uye ipapo magetsi emagetsi anogadzirwa.

Functional Features

Synchronous jenareta kuita inoratidzirwa zvakanyanya nekusa-mutoro uye mutoro wekushanda maitiro. Aya maitiro ndiwo mabhesi akakosha evashandisi kusarudza majenareta.

No-load Characterization:Kana jenareta ichishanda pasina mutoro, iyo armature ikozvino i zero, mamiriro anozivikanwa seakavhurika-circuit oparesheni. Panguva ino, matatu-phase mhepo yemotokari stator chete ine-isina-mutoro electromotive simba E0 (nhatu-chikamu symmetry) inokonzerwa neexcitation ikozvino Kana, uye ukuru hwayo hunowedzera nekuwedzera kweIf. Nekudaro, izvo zviviri hazvina kuenzana nekuti iyo mota magineti yedunhu core yakazara. The curve inoratidza hukama pakati pe-no-load electromotive force E0 uye excitation current Kana ichinzi hapana-mutoro hunhu hwe synchronous jenareta.

Armature reaction:Kana jenareta rakabatana kune symmetrical load, iyo yechitatu-chikamu ikozvino mumhepo inotenderera inoburitsa imwe inotenderera yemagineti, iyo inodaidzwa kuti armature reaction field. Kumhanya kwayo kwakaenzana neiyo rotor, uye iyo miviri inotenderera synchronously.

Ose ari maviri Synchronous jenareta 'arature reactive field uye rotor excitation field inogona kufananidzwa sezvo ese arikugoverwa zvinoenderana nemutemo we sinusoidal. Musiyano wavo wepakati wepakati unoenderana nenguva yechikamu musiyano pakati peasina-mutoro electromotive simba E0 uye armature ikozvino I. Mukuwedzera, iyo armature reaction field inobatanawo nemamiriro ekutakura. Kana jenareta inotakura inductive, iyo armature reaction field ine demagnetizing effect, inotungamira mukudzikira kwejenareta voltage. Sezvineiwo, kana mutoro uri capacitive, iyo armature reaction field ine magnetizing effect, iyo inowedzera kubuda kwemagetsi ejenareta.

Load oparesheni maitiro:Inonyanya kureva maitiro ekunze uye maitiro ekugadzirisa. Hunhu hwekunze hunotsanangura hukama pakati pejenareta terminal voltage U uye mutoro wazvino I, wakapihwa inogara yakayerwa kumhanya, excitation ikozvino, uye mutoro simba chinhu. Iyo yekugadziridza hunhu inotsanangura hukama pakati peiyo excitation ikozvino Kana uye mutoro ikozvino I, yakapihwa inogara yakayerwa kumhanya, terminal voltage, uye mutoro simba chinhu.

Iyo voltage kusiyanisa mwero weiyo synchronous jenareta ingangoita 20-40%. Zvakajairwa mumaindasitiri uye zvemumba zvinoda mhepo isingachinji. Nokudaro, iyo yekukurudzira ikozvino inofanira kugadziriswa maererano sezvo mutoro wezvino unowedzera. Kunyange zvazvo kuchinja kwemaitiro emitemo kunopesana nemaitiro ekunze, inowedzera kune inductive uye inodzivirira mitoro, asi inowanzodzikira kune capacitive mitoro.

Kushanda Nheyo

Diesel jenareta

Injini yedhiziri inotyaira jenareta, ichishandura simba kubva mumafuta edhiziri kuita simba remagetsi. Mukati mehumburumbira yeinjini yedhiziri, mweya wakachena, wakanatswa nefirita yemhepo, unovhengana zvakakwana nepamusoro-kudzvanywa atomizedhi mafuta edhiziri anobaiwa nejekiseni remafuta. Sezvo piston inokwira kumusoro, ichidzvanya musanganiswa, huwandu hwayo hunodzikira uye tembiricha inokwira nekukasira kusvika yasvika painobatidza mafuta edhiziri. Izvi zvinopisa mafuta edhiziri, zvichiita kuti musanganiswa upise nechisimba. Kukurumidza kuwedzera kwemagasi kunobva kwamanikidza piston kudzika, maitiro anozivikanwa se'basa'.

Gasoline jenareta

Injini yepeturu inotyaira jenareta, ichishandura kemikari simba repeturu kuita simba remagetsi. Mukati mehumburumbira yeinjini yepeturu, musanganiswa wemafuta nemhepo zvinopisa nekukurumidza, zvichikonzera kukurumidza kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu kunomanikidza piston kudzika, ichiita basa.

Mune zvose dizeli uye peturu jenareta, silinda imwe neimwe inoshanda zvakatevedzana mune yakatarwa. Simba rinoshandiswa papiston rinoshandurwa netambo yekubatanidza kuita simba rinotenderera, rinotyaira crankshaft. Iyo brushless synchronous AC jenareta, yakasungirirwa pamwe nemagetsi emagetsi crankshaft, inobvumira kutenderera kweinjini kutyaira rotor yejenareta. Zvichienderana nemusimboti weelectromagnetic induction, jenareta inobva yagadzira iyo induced electromotive force, ichigadzira yazvino kuburikidza neyakavharwa mutoro wedunhu.